Pengertian, Struktur, dan Contoh Narrative Text

JAKARTA - Narrative text adalah teks yang menceritakan rangkaian peristiwa secara kronologis atau terhubung dan berfungsi untuk menghibur pembaca. Narrative text memiliki beberapa jenis teks yang menarik untuk dibaca, yakni fairy tale, folktale/folklore, legend, myth, science fiction, romance story, horror stories, fable, history, slice of life, dan personal experience.

Selain itu, narrative text juga memiliki generic structure atau struktur yang digunakan dalam membuat sebuah cerita atau narrative text agar tersusun dengan jelas dan menarik.

Struktur dalam Narrative Text

1. Orientation

Orientation merupakan paragraf awal yang berisi tentang perkenalan para tokoh yang terlibat dalam suatu kejadian atau cerita tersebut. Bagian orientation juga berisi tempat dan waktu kejadian.

2. Complication

Complication terdiri atas paragraf yang menjelaskan awal mula peristiwa atau kejadian sehingga tercipta alur cerita dan terbentuk konflik, klimaks serta antiklimaks.

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3. Resolution

Resolution merupakan bagian akhir cerita yang berisi penyelesaian dari sebuah cerita atau kejadian.

4. Re-orientation

Re-orientation tidak wajib ada pada narrative text. Namun, kalimat dalam paragraf ini menceritakan kondisi terakhir dalam tokoh cerita atau pesan moral dari cerita atau kejadian tersebut.

Contoh Narrative Text beserta Strukturnya

1. The Legend of Salatiga

(Orientation)

Many years ago there was a very honest sunan. He taught people about the meaning of life and about religion, he is known as Sunan Kalijaga. He traveled to spread his precious lesson. One day, Sunan Kalijaga arrived at a village. Sunan went to the village chief’s house. Then Sunan Kalijaga asked for a job without telling his real name. The wife of the chief said he could help cut the grass. Sunan Kalijaga started working by cutting grass to feed the chief’s horses.

(Complication)

Soon, the chief of the village realized that his employee was Sunan Kalijaga. The chief was extremely surprised. Then he decided to follow the lesson of Sunan Kalijaga. To follow the lesson of Sunan Kalijaga, the chief had to leave everything behind. But the wife didn’t agree so she brought her jewelry in bamboo. When the three of them were taking a rest in a village, a robber approached and took everything from the wife of the chief. Sunan said that this village would be full of people and really busy.

(Resolution)

Then Sunan named the place Salatiga which means three wrong people. The three wrong people were the chief, his wife, and also the robber who loves collecting things. And now, this village is known as Salatiga.

2. Fox and A Cat

(Orientation)

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One day a cat and a fox were having a conversation. The fox, who was a conceited creature, boasted how clever she was. “Why, I know at least a hundred tricks to get away from our mutual enemies, the dogs,” she said.

(Complication)

“I know only one trick to get away from dogs,” said the cat. “You should teach me some of yours!” “Well, maybe someday, when I have the time, I may teach you a few of the simpler ones,” replied the fox airily. Just then they heard the barking of packs of dogs in the distance. The barking grew louder and louder - the dogs were coming in their direction! At once the cat ran to the nearest tree and climbed into its branches, well out of reach of any dog. “This is the trick I told you about, the only one I know,” said the cat. “Which one of your hundred tricks are you going to use?”

(Resolution)

The fox sat silently under the tree, wondering which trick she should use. Before she coils make up her mind, the dogs arrived. They fell upon the fox and tore her to pieces.

3. Lutung Kasarung and Purbasari

(Orientation)

Prabu Tapa Agung was an old king. He had two daughters, Purbararang and Purbasari. Prabu Tapa Agung planned to retire as a king. He wanted Purbasari to replace him as the leader of the kingdom. Hearing this, Purbararang was angry.

(Complication)

“You cannot ask her to be the queen, Father. I’m older than she is. It’s supposed to be me, not her!” said Purbararang. But the king still chose Purbasari to be the next queen. Purbararang then set a bad plan with her fiance, Indrajaya. Together they went to a witch and asked her to put a spell on Purbasari. Later, Purbasari had bad skin. There were black dots all over her body. “You are not as beautiful as I am. You cannot be the queen. Instead, you have to leave this palace and stay in a jungle,” said Purbararang. Purbasari was very sad. Now she had to stay in the jungle. Everyday she spent her time playing with some animals there. There was one monkey that always tried to cheer her up. It was not just an ordinary monkey, he had magical power. And he also could talk with humans.

(Resolution)

The monkey’s name was Lutung Kasarung. He was actually a god. His name was Sanghyang Gurumina. Lutung Kasarung planned to help Purbasari. He made a small lake and asked her to take a bath there. Amazingly, her bad skin was cured. Now she got her beautiful skin back.

4. Unity is Strength

(Orientation)

Once upon a time, there were some doves which were flying for searching some food led by their king. One day, they had flown so long that they were very tired. The dove king then forced them to fly a little further. The smallest dove flew faster and found some rice scattered beneath a banyan tree. So all the doves landed an began to eat.

(Complication)

All of sudden, a net fell over them and all of them were trapped. They saw a hunter approaching them while carrying a huge club. The doves desperately fluttered their wings trying to get out soon, but they failed. Then the king had an idea, that he advised all the doves to fly up together carrying the net with them fairly. He said that there was strength in unity. Each dove picked up a portion of the net and together they flew off carrying the net with them.

They were flying high over hills and valleys together. They flew to a hill near a city of temples in which there lived a mouse which could help them. He was a faithful friend of the dove king. The dove king called out him and then the mouse was very happy to meet him again. The dove king explained that they were in a big trouble because he and his friends had been caught in a trap and needed his help to gnaw at the net and set them free from it.

(Resolution)

The mouse agreed saying that he began to cut the net and one by one all the doves were freed including the dove king. Finally, all the doves thanks the mouse and flew away together, united in their strength.

5. True Friends

(Orientation)

Once upon a time, there were two close friends who were walking through the forest together. They knew that anything dangerous can happen any time in the forest.

(Complication)

So they promised each other that they would always be together in any case of danger. Suddenly, they saw a large bear getting closer toward them. One of them climbed a nearby tree at one. But unfortunately the other one did not know how to climb up the tree.

So being led by his common sense, he lay down on the ground breathless and pretended to be a dead man. The bear came near the one who was lying on the ground. It smelt in his ears, and slowly left the place because the bears do not want to touch the dead creatures.

(Resolution)

After that, the friend on the tree came down and asked his friend that was on the ground, “Friend, what did the bear whisper into your ears?” The other replied,” Just now the bear advised me not to believe a false friend”.

MG/Shandya Pricilla